X射线激发发光断层成像（XLCT）是一种新兴的混合成像技术，该技术可同时获得目标体结构信息和功能信息。然而，窄束XLCT重建图像虽然具有高空间分辨率，但X射线利用率较低，数据采集时间过长；锥束XLCT系统提高了X射线利用率，缩短了数据采集时间，但有限的探测角度导致图像重建质量相对较低。为解决上述问题，提高X射线利用率，高效实现多角度高灵敏数据采集，提出了一种基于光子计数测量的锥束XLCT系统，并通过仿体实验对其性能进行了验证。仿体实验结果表明，6个角度锥束照射模式下重建图像的相似度系数（DICE）可达50%，系统保真度（SF）和重建浓度误差（RCE）达到0.7以上，可实现3 mg·mL^-1以上的荧光物质质量浓度差距的重建。

扩散拉曼层析成像(DRT)结合了拉曼光谱的分子指纹特性和扩散光学层析成像的深度分辨能力，是一种新型的无标记在体三维光学成像技术。提出一种基于蒙特卡罗光子输运模型的DRT可行性研究方法，该方法应用互易原理建立了快速有效的拉曼数据模拟器，可对实验条件下不同信噪比的拉曼测量数据进行客观模拟，同时结合扩散荧光层析线性成像原理，实现多波段下薄层组织的拉曼光谱分析。通过开展178个波段下5种物质成分的薄层组织模型的模拟重建研究，表明线性DRT图像重建方法能有效构建多种成分浓度的三维空间分布。

The accuracy of the background optical properties has a considerable effect on the quality of reconstructed images in near-infrared functional brain imaging based on continuous wave diffuse optical tomography (CW-DOT). We propose a region stepwise reconstruction method in CW-DOT scheme for reconstructing the background absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of the two-layered slab sample with the known geometric information. According to the relation between the thickness of the top layer and source–detector separation, the conventional measurement data are divided into two groups and are employed to recon-struct the top and bottom background optical properties, respectively. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can reconstruct the background optical properties of two-layered slab sample effectively. The region-of-interest reconstruction results are better than those of the conventional simultaneous reconstruction method.

Laminar optical tomography (LOT) is a new mesoscopic functional optical imaging technique. Currently, the forward problem of LOT image reconstruction is generally solved on the basis of Monte-Carlo (MC) methods. However, considering the nonlinear nature of the image reconstruction in LOT with the increasing number of source positions, methods based on MC take too much computation time. This letter develops a fast image reconstruction algorithm based on perturbation MC (pMC) for reconstructing the absorption or scattering image of a slab medium, which is suitable for LOT or other functional optical tomography system with narrow source-detector separation and dense sampling. To calculate the pMC parameters, i.e., the path length passed by a photon and the collision numbers experienced in each voxel with only one baseline MC simulation, we propose a scheme named as the trajectory translation and target voxel regression (TT&TVR) based on the reciprocity principle. To further speed up the image reconstruction procedure, the weighted average of the pMC parameters for all survival photons is adopted and the region of interest (ROI) is extracted from the raw data to save as the prior information of the image reconstruction. The method is applied to the absorption reconstruction of the layered inhomogeneous media. Results demonstrate that the reconstructing time is less than 20 s with the X-Y section of the sample subdivided into 50 \times 50 voxels, and the target size quantitativeness ratio can be obtained in a satisfying accuracy in the source-detector separations of 0.4 and 1.25 mm, respectively.